What a brutal government!Unimaginable cruelty.How do they do it?

Venice will host its 53rd Biennale, due to open on June 7th. The five-month event is titled “Making Worlds”. China’s Ministry of Culture has appointed artist Lu Hao as the curator of the Chinese pavilion in the art exhibition. The theme of China’s pavilion is “What is to come.”

It comes from by a popular saying by the ancient philosopher Han Feizi. The idea is to look for clues to the future or an entire situation in the start of something or a small part of it. This will be the third time for China to have a pavilion at Venice.

　China’s oldest inheritress of the mysterious Nushu language, probably the world’s only female-specific language, died at her Central China home last month. She was in her 90s.

　　Chinese linguists say the woman, Yang Huanyi, was the last woman who possessed the most and genuine knowledge of a 400-year-old tradition in which women shared their innermost feelings with female friends through a set of codes that were incomprehensible to men.

　　Yang was born in Jiangyong County, where many people believe the language originated. She learned to read and write the language as a little girl. Before her marriage, she used to exchange letters in Nushu with Gao Yinxian, the eldest of the seven sworn sisters of the county who were the local authorities on the female-only language.

　　Though Yang herself did not join the sworn sisters, she did spend three years with them to learn the language, and became its only surviving inheritress at the end of the 1990s, after all the seven sisters had passed away.

　　Since then she had been dubbed a “living fossil of the women-specific language” by linguists.

　　Until her death on September 20, it remained a mystery as to how old Yang was. During an interview with Xinhua in the summer of 2002, she said she was 94. Authorities in her hometown, however, said she was 98 when she died. Zhao Liming, a specialist with Tsinghua University, said Yang was born in 1909.

　　It is often hard to tell the actual age of elderly Chinese people because many are accustomed to giving their “nominal age,” which is one to two years ahead of the actual age. A baby’s “nominal age” is considered to be one at birth and becomes two at the beginning of the very next year.

　　Yang was invited to Beijing in 1995 to attend the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women. The letters, poems and prose she wrote were collected and compiled by linguists of the Beijing-based Tsinghua University in a book that was published earlier this year.

　　Linguists are trying hard to learn the language and experts say Yang’s writing was more standard, original and unaffected by Putonghua, or standard Chinese or Han language, in which she was totally illiterate.

　　None of Yang’s children or grand-children inherited her proficiency in the unique language. The gracefully-written rhombic Nushu characters are structured by just four kinds of strokes, including dot, horizontal, virgule and arc, and can be spoken to describe women’s misfortunes and inner feelings.

　　Some experts presume that the language is related to Jiaguwen - the inscriptions on animal bones and tortoise shells of the Yin Ruins from more than 3,000 years ago - but no conclusions have been drawn as to when the language originated.

　　Besides Hunan Province, the language was also used in some areas of southern China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Nushu manuscripts are extremely rare because, according to local custom, they were supposed to be burnt or buried with the dear departed in sacrifice.

　　The language, among the first to enter the national list of China’s ancient cultural heritage, has aroused keen interest in worldwide scholars. At least 100 surviving manuscripts are abroad, according to archive keepers in Hunan Province.

　　China has stepped up preservation of the language since the 1990s amid assiduous efforts to better protect the country’s traditional culture in an increasingly globalized society.

　　The Hunan provincial archives have collected handkerchiefs, aprons, scarves and handbags embroidered with Nushu characters, manuscripts written on paper or fans, and calligraphic works.

　　”We have collected 303 artifacts bearing the rare language during five trips to Yongjiang County, birthplace of the female language, over the past year,” said Liu Gening, head of the provincial archives. “The oldest of them dates back to the late Qing Dynasty in the early 1900s, and the most recent pieces are from the 1960s or 1970s.”

　　Among their collections are calligraphic works by Zhou Shuoyi, a retiree in Jiangyong County who is believed to be the first man to learn the language in China. Zhou, after half a century of study, compiled a Nushu dictionary last year at the age of 79.

　　The dictionary, which contains all the 1,800 ancient characters of the language, has complete stylistic rules, a layout with pronunciation, a glossary, and grammar is arranged in international phonetic symbol order. Each Nushu character is followed by a phonetic description, notes, a corresponding Chinese character and example sentences.

Among the growing number of water towns that entice tourists to the heart of their historic byways, Mudu may not be the biggest or the richest in historic treasures. It is, however, a pleasant destination for day-trippers, especially those who aren’t up for the rigours of Suzhou sightseeing.

　　Mudu is a small city that dates back to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Built at the foot of Lingyan Hill in the western suburbs of Suzhou, the city once included more than 30 private gardens where wealthy officials, revered intellectuals and artists enjoyed the peace and ambience of canalside living. Its claim to fame is touted on a sign near the entrance to the old town: Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) visited six times.

　　Four of the ancient dwellings have been restored along the main canal and offer a glimpse of the scale and opulence of life enjoyed by the fortunate during the Ming and Qing dynasties. All four are within walking distance of the town gate, and although they are similar in design each has its special aspects.

　　Hongyin Mountain House is the attraction that brought Qianlong back so often. It is huge by any standard of architecture from the period. The estate is actually the combination of the former Xiuye Garden and the Xiaoying Garden, which was once home to Shen Shou, then known as the embroidery princess south of the Yangtze Delta.

　　The huge courtyard just inside the entrance was where Qianlong sat to watch Peking operas on the stage above. Scaled down versions of opera are presented karaoke style throughout the day, so most visitors have a chance to observe the ancient entertainment before setting out on a tour of the extensive house and gardens.

　　Yan’s Garden is perhaps the most attractive scenic delight among the four houses. The garden is centred upon a lake that meanders through the grounds. It is lined with trees and its amazing ornamental West Lake Rockery that is unlike any other decorative rockery in the world. Former home to Yan Jiagan, who hailed from China’s Taiwan Province, Yan’s Garden was designed in the classic style on its one-plus hectare setting by Liu Dunzhen, perhaps the most famous architect of his time. A large magnolia tree in the garden was reputedly planted by Emperor Qianlong during one of his many visits to the area.

　　It’s easy to see that the old mansions were built along the same lines, so once you’ve seen a couple of them your attention may wander. The real treasures are the gardens, where imagination and creativity were given free rein. It is hard to imagine now the scope of thoughtfulness and precision that went into their design, and each one is worth a look.

　　The canal does not add much charm to the surroundings. No boats ply the exceptionally dirty water and vendors along the way offer much the same in the way of tourist gewgaws as found in any tourist area, except maybe on a smaller scale. There are several teahouses and eating establishments which appear interesting but on the whole offer nothing to write home about.

BY:Shanghai Star

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